一、前言(yan)
隨著中(zhong)國(guo)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)蓬勃發(fa)展，帶動了各(ge)行各(ge)業(ye)的(de)(de)興旺發(fa)達，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)占主(zhu)導地位的(de)(de)房地產行業(ye)。房地產行業(ye)涉及眾多(duo)領域、而最(zui)基本的(de)(de)就是(shi)建(jian)材(cai)(cai)，建(jian)筑離不開(kai)瓷(ci)磚(zhuan)和(he)大理石等建(jian)材(cai)(cai)。與之(zhi)相關陶瓷(ci)機(ji)械、石材(cai)(cai)機(ji)械的(de)(de)生產企業(ye)也得到發(fa)展。
高檔酒店、商務中(zhong)(zhong)心、地鐵(tie)等大型項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設都需要(yao)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大理(li)石(shi)材料(liao)，而在(zai)大理(li)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產當中(zhong)(zhong)，理(li)石(shi)排鋸(ju)(ju)是不可(ke)缺少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)石(shi)排鋸(ju)(ju)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)大都采用(yong)星三角降壓啟(qi)動(dong)和串電(dian)(dian)阻調速，啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流大、對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)沖(chong)擊大，對進線變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)也高，而現在(zai)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成熟應(ying)用(yong)改變(bian)(bian)了這一切(qie)，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟啟(qi)動(dong)、軟停車(che)有效(xiao)降低了對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊，也減輕了對輸入電(dian)(dian)源容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，同時也降低了由于設備(bei)硬(ying)啟(qi)硬(ying)停造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械磨(mo)損(sun)，還可(ke)以根據不同加工材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)隨(sui)時調整電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉速。
理石排鋸(ju)(ju)是(shi)將一組（幾十(shi)到上(shang)百(bai)根不等）鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian)裝(zhuang)在鋸(ju)(ju)框(kuang)上(shang)，由(you)馬(ma)達驅動(dong)大飛(fei)輪上(shang)的曲柄連桿機構使鋸(ju)(ju)框(kuang)做往復運(yun)動(dong)，同時通過升降傳動(dong)機構連續向下作(zuo)進給(gei)運(yun)動(dong)對鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian)施壓，使金鋼石鋸(ju)(ju)片(pian)(pian)對石材做相對的切割，將整塊石材切割成所(suo)需寬的的片(pian)(pian)材。鋸(ju)(ju)框(kuang)往復運(yun)動(dong)速度(du)最高可達 92m/min，主運(yun)動(dong)導(dao)軌采用高鋼性設(she)計，導(dao)向精度(du)高，鋸(ju)(ju)縫小，是(shi)目(mu)前排鋸(ju)(ju)的主流(liu)設(she)計產(chan)品。如，下圖所(suo)示：
二、星三角降壓啟動
星(xing)(xing)三角降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是一種簡(jian)單(dan)(dan)方便的(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，對(dui)(dui)于正(zheng)常運行的(de)定子繞組為三角形接(jie)(jie)法的(de)鼠籠式異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)來說(shuo)，如果(guo)在(zai)(zai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)將定子繞組接(jie)(jie)成星(xing)(xing)形，待啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完畢后再接(jie)(jie)成三角形，就可以降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，減(jian)輕(qing)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)星(xing)(xing)三角啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)只有(you)原來按三角形接(jie)(jie)法直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)的(de) 1/3，如果(guo)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)的(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai) 6~7 倍額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，則(ze)在(zai)(zai)星(xing)(xing)三角起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)才 2~2.3 倍，同時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只有(you)原來的(de)三角形接(jie)(jie)法直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)的(de) 1/√3，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉矩(ju)(ju)也只有(you)原三角形接(jie)(jie)法直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de) 1/3，所(suo)(suo)以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)星(xing)(xing)三角起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)特性很(hen)好，而轉矩(ju)(ju)特性較(jiao)差，所(suo)(suo)以客觀上只適用(yong)(yong)于無載(zai)或輕(qing)載(zai)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)場(chang)合，雖然起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉矩(ju)(ju)較(jiao)小，但(dan)同比別的(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，其結構最(zui)簡(jian)單(dan)(dan)，價格也最(zui)便宜。當電(dian)(dian)機(ji)功率大(da)于 55KW 時(shi)，星(xing)(xing)三角降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一般串入過渡電(dian)(dian)阻，可以避免星(xing)(xing)形接(jie)(jie)法切接(jie)(jie)換至三角形接(jie)(jie)法中抑制(zhi)二次(ci)沖(chong)擊(ji)。傳統大(da)理(li)石(shi)排鋸采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)就是星(xing)(xing)三角降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和串電(dian)(dian)阻方式，有(you)效降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)源容量的(de)要求(qiu)，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，但(dan)不能對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)速(su)度進行調節，能耗大(da)，目前已經慢慢退出市(shi)場(chang)。
三、普傳科技PI9000系列變頻器介紹
PI9000系(xi)列變(bian)頻器(qi)是普傳科(ke)技新研發的一款(kuan)高性(xing)(xing)能(neng)電(dian)流(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)變(bian)頻器(qi)，具有 V/F、無(wu)(wu) PG 矢(shi)量(liang)和帶 PG 矢(shi)量(liang)三種控制方式，其中在突(tu)加/減載荷的情況下(xia)，速度(du)波動非常輕微(wei)；適用于(yu)三相交(jiao)流(liu)異步電(dian)動機(ji)和永磁同步電(dian)機(ji)，可以為(wei)用戶減少庫(ku)存，不再需(xu)要為(wei)不同的電(dian)機(ji)備用不同變(bian)頻器(qi)的庫(ku)存；具有準(zhun)確的電(dian)機(ji)參(can)數(shu)自(zi)(zi)學習(xi)功能(neng)，支持全面自(zi)(zi)學習(xi)與靜(jing)止自(zi)(zi)學習(xi)，其中靜(jing)止自(zi)(zi)學習(xi)可以在電(dian)機(ji)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)脫開負載的場合準(zhun)確的學習(xi)電(dian)機(ji)的參(can)數(shu)；具有上(shang)電(dian)外(wai)圍設備安全自(zi)(zi)檢，逐波限流(liu)，定(ding)時控制等個性(xing)(xing)化功能(neng)，使電(dian)機(ji)運(yun)行更平穩(wen)，噪音更小。具體(ti)，特性(xing)(xing)參(can)數(shu)、功能(neng)如下(xia)表所(suo)示：
四(si)、現場電機(ji)參數及(ji)變頻器選(xuan)型：
現場電機參數：
變頻器選(xuan)型：
根據現場負載運行狀況，選擇普傳 PI9230 132G3（380V，132KW）變(bian)頻器。
五(wu)、變頻器參(can)數設置及現場接(jie)線(xian)圖(tu)：
接線圖：
六、制動單元及電阻配置：
由于(yu)排鋸的(de)工作是(shi)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)軸拖動(dong)(dong)皮帶(dai)輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)大飛輪作圓周(zhou)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，當飛輪帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)曲柄連桿旋(xuan)轉時(shi)，從最低點(dian)到最高(gao)(gao)點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)過程，從最高(gao)(gao)點(dian)到最低點(dian)是(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)每旋(xuan)轉一(yi)圈(quan)，有半圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，因(yin)此需要配置(zhi)制動(dong)(dong)單(dan)元(yuan)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，用來消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)反(fan)饋的(de)再生電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。考慮(lv)到實際運(yun)行中會(hui)頻繁出現(xian)制動(dong)(dong)以及負載慣量比較大，制動(dong)(dong)單(dan)元(yuan)容(rong)量及制動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻功(gong)率要適當加大選型，具體配置(zhi)如下表：
七、結束語
變(bian)頻(pin)器技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟運用(yong)取(qu)代了(le)原有的(de)(de)降壓起動(dong)方式，不但解決啟動(dong)問(wen)題、同時(shi)可以對電(dian)機(ji)速度(du)(du)進行調(diao)節。因(yin)此(ci)，變(bian)頻(pin)器在眾多機(ji)械產品配套中得到使(shi)用(yong)和(he)普及。本案中的(de)(de)大(da)理石(shi)排(pai)鋸選用(yong)了(le)普傳(chuan) PI9230 系列 132KW 變(bian)頻(pin)器，通(tong)過變(bian)頻(pin)器調(diao)節電(dian)機(ji)轉速，不僅(jin)切割板面平(ping)整度(du)(du)好，而且耗電(dian)量(liang)少，大(da)大(da)改進了(le)現(xian)有的(de)(de)石(shi)材加工工藝，同時(shi)也延長了(le)排(pai)鋸的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命和(he)減少維修保養次(ci)數。大(da)理石(shi)排(pai)鋸通(tong)過引入變(bian)頻(pin)器技術(shu)(shu)，不但技術(shu)(shu)上提升(sheng)了(le)檔次(ci)，而且更適(shi)合其(qi)工藝的(de)(de)要求。提高了(le)整體設備的(de)(de)性價比。
現場照片(pian)：
